Abstract Details

In this study, we examine the efficacy of alternative synergistic treatment methods compared to single-target drugs in managing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Also, we analyze the efficacy of using medicines utilizing chelator molecules combined with minerals or metals in medical food to enhance the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This multi-component approach is not about a single change but a synergistic bundle of behaviors designed to reduce the metabolic and hemodynamic stress on the kidneys over the long term. Through clinical trials, we propose a new treatment plan called Kidney Detoxification and Recovery (DNR) therapy, and this research looks into whether this alternative treatment could help patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). DNR therapy uses a method that is based on lifestyle-changing procedures to achieve the restoration of kidney function. In contrast to conventional medical treatment, this method gives much more attention to lifestyle-changing procedures, detoxification, and regenerative medical nutrition. Our clinical trials show that the application of DNR therapy makes it possible to significantly reduce the intake of endotoxins, which are harmful chemical agents that are contained in common medications and have a negative effect on the function of the kidneys. Correlation analysis between various compositions is presented, and a trend of increase in eGFR among the patients in three different stages who underwent intervention with five metrics is explained. The outcome shows that a medical food component that includes chelators has the highest correlation with an increase in eGFR. A plant-based diet, along with exercise and stress reduction, is also highly correlated with successful treatment and management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to look at the binding models of chelator acid molecules to bivalent metals in the computational analysis. Quantum chemical calculations are performed to investigate the stereochemical and thermodynamic properties of the binding.

Reference

1. A. S. Levey and J. Coresh, “Chronic kidney disease,” The Lancet, vol. 379, no. 9811, pp. 165–180, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60178-5.

2. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group, “KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease,” Kidney International, vol. 105, no. 4S, pp. S117–S314, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018.

3. K. Kalantar-Zadeh and D. Fouque, “Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 377, no. 18, pp. 1765–1776, 2017. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1700312.

4. S. M. Goraya, J. Simoni, C. Jo, and D. E. Wesson, “Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with fruits and vegetables or oral bicarbonate reduces urine angiotensinogen and preserves glomerular filtration rate,” Kidney International, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1031–1038, 2014. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.83.

5. D. E. Wesson and J. Simoni, “Increased tissue acid mediates a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate of animals with reduced nephron mass,” Kidney International, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 929–935, 2009. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.6.

6. L. A. Cupisti, C. D’Alessandro, A. Fumagalli, G. Vigo, M. Meola, P. Cianchi, and G. Egidi, “Nutrition and physical activity in CKD patients,” Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, vol. 39, no. 2–3, pp. 107–113, 2014. DOI: 10.1159/000355784.

7. P. Stenvinkel et al., “A novel treatment strategy for chronic kidney disease: The importance of the gut–kidney axis,” Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 281, no. 2, pp. 133–148, 2017. DOI: 10.1111/joim.12538.

8. M. V. Rhee et al., “A combined lifestyle intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease: Effects on physical activity, dietary behavior, and clinical outcomes,” Journal of Renal Nutrition, 2020. Bibliographic details require verification before citation.

9. D. C. Bolignano, G. Coppolino, A. Lacquaniti, and M. Buemi, “From kidney to cardiovascular diseases: NGAL as a biomarker beyond the confines of nephrology,” European Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 273–276, 2010. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02258.x.

10. J. J. B. Cannata-Andía, M. Rodríguez-García, and J. L. Carrillo-López, “The role of iron and iron chelation in chronic kidney disease,” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. Bibliographic details require verification before citation.

11. J. L. Domingo, “Metal-induced developmental toxicity in mammals: A review,” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 123–141, 1994. DOI: 10.1080/15287399409531867.

12. P. P. H. Cheng, H. G. J. Korth, and R. Sustmann, “Density functional theory calculations on metal–ligand coordination complexes: Structural and thermodynamic considerations,” Journal of Physical Chemistry A. Bibliographic details require verification before citation.

13. J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, “Generalized gradient approximation made simple,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 77, no. 18, pp. 3865–3868, 1996. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865.

14. A. D. Becke, “Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 98, no. 7, pp. 5648–5652, 1993. DOI: 10.1063/1.464913.

15. C. Lee, W. Yang, and R. G. Parr, “Development of the Colle–Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density,” Physical Review B, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 785–789, 1988. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.37.785.